Precision Wormlike Nanoadjuvant Governs Potency of Vaccination

It remains unclear how the precise length of one-dimensional nanovehicles influences characters vaccination. Here, a unimolecular nanovehicle with tailored size and aspect ratio (AR) is applied to deliver CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist, as an adjuvant recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg), for treating chronic (CHB). Cationic fixed width (ca. 45 nm) but varied (46 nm–180 nm), AR from 1 4, are prepared through controlled polymerization loaded by electrostatic interaction. We reveal that nanoadjuvant = 2 shows highest retention in proximal lymph nodes. Importantly, it more easily internalized into antigen-presenting cells accumulates late endosome, where TLR9 located. Such exhibits strongest immune response rHBsAg clear CHB mouse model, showing governs efficiency